.. Automatically generated by example2rst.py.  Do not edit this file

.. currentmodule:: apsw

Session Example/Tour
====================

This example shows using APSW to create and use the `Session extension
<https://www.sqlite.org/sessionintro.html>`__

.. code-block:: python


   #!/usr/bin/env python3
   
   # This code uses Python's optional typing annotations.  You can
   # ignore them and do not need to use them.  If you do use them
   # then you must include this future annotations line first.
   from __future__ import annotations
   
   import functools
   import pathlib
   import tempfile
   
   import apsw
   import apsw.ext
   
   

.. index:: Is Session available? (example code)

.. _example_session_check:

Is Session available?
---------------------

Session must be enabled in SQLite at compile time, and in APSW
at its compile time.  (PyPI builds always have both enabled)

.. code-block:: python

   print("Session in SQLite:", "ENABLE_SESSION" in apsw.compile_options)
   
   print("  Session in APSW:", hasattr(apsw, "Session"))
   


.. code-block:: output

    Session in SQLite: True
      Session in APSW: True


.. index:: Initial database setup (example code)

.. _example_setup:

Initial database setup
----------------------

The database is populated with an items table, a tags table, and a
link table allowing multiple tags per item.  It has foreign keys and
a trigger which cause changes beyond the supplied SQL so we can see
how session handles that.  See the `full SQL
<_static/samples/session.sql>`__

.. code-block:: python

   connection = apsw.Connection("")
   
   connection.execute(pathlib.Path("session.sql").read_text())
   

.. index:: Monitoring changes (example code)

.. _example_adding_session:

Monitoring changes
------------------

You can have multiple :class:`Session` monitoring changes on a
session.  You need to call :meth:`Session.attach` to say which
tables to monitor, or use :meth:`Session.table_filter` to get a
callback.  You can pause and resume monitoring with
:attr:`Session.enabled`.  For unmonitored changes you can use
:meth:`Session.diff` to work out the changes between two tables.

.. code-block:: python

   session = apsw.Session(connection, "main")
   
   # enabled by default.  You can set it to False while making
   # changes you do not want recorded. It only stops recording
   # changes to rows not already part of the changeset.
   print(f"{session.enabled=}")
   
   # We'd like size estimates
   session.config(apsw.SQLITE_SESSION_OBJCONFIG_SIZE, True)
   
   
   # we now say which tables to monitor - no tables are monitored by default.
   # The tables must have PRIMARY KEY in their declaration otherwise
   # nothing is recorded.
   def table_filter(name: str) -> bool:
       print(f"table_filter {name=}")
       # We want them all
       return True
   
   
   # We could also have done session.attach() to get all tables
   # or attach with named tables of interest.
   session.table_filter(table_filter)
   
   # And now make some changes.  We do every kind of change here -
   # INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
   connection.execute("""
   INSERT INTO items(name) VALUES('kitchen walls');
   INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id)  VALUES(
       (SELECT id FROM items WHERE name='kitchen walls'),
       (SELECT id FROM tags WHERE label='paint')
   );
   INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id)  VALUES(
       (SELECT id FROM items WHERE name='kitchen walls'),
       (SELECT id FROM tags WHERE label='cleaning')
   );
   
   INSERT INTO items(name) VALUES('microwave');
   
   UPDATE items SET description='high gloss' WHERE name='bathroom ceiling';
   UPDATE tags SET cost_centre=null WHERE label='new';
   
   DELETE FROM tags WHERE label='battery';
   """)
   
   # How much memory is the session using?
   print(f"{session.memory_used=}")
   


.. code-block:: output

    session.enabled=True
    table_filter name='items'
    table_filter name='item_tag_link'
    table_filter name='tags'
    session.memory_used=7352


.. index:: SQL equivalent of a changeset (example code)

.. _example_changeset_sql:

SQL equivalent of a changeset
-----------------------------

We can iterate the contents of a changeset as SQL statements using
:func:`apsw.ext.changeset_to_sql`.  It needs to know the column
names because changesets only use column numbers, so we use
:meth:`apsw.ext.find_columns` giving it the connection to inspect.

.. code-block:: python

   
   def show_changeset(
       title: str,
       contents: apsw.SessionStreamInput,
       connection: apsw.Connection = connection,
   ):
       print(title)
       for statement in apsw.ext.changeset_to_sql(
           contents,
           get_columns=functools.partial(
               apsw.ext.find_columns, connection=connection
           ),
       ):
           print(statement)
       print()
   
   

.. index:: Patchsets and Changesets (example code)

.. _example_changesets:

Patchsets and Changesets
------------------------

Changesets contain all the before and after values for changed rows,
while patchsets only contain the necessary values to make the
change.  :func:`apsw.ext.changeset_to_sql` is useful to see what SQL
a change or patch set is equivalent to.

.. code-block:: python

   
   patchset = session.patchset()
   print(f"{len(patchset)=}")
   
   show_changeset("patchset", patchset)
   
   # Note how the changeset is larger and contains more information
   changeset = session.changeset()
   print(f"{len(changeset)=}")
   
   show_changeset("changeset", changeset)
   
   


.. code-block:: output

    len(patchset)=241
    patchset
    UPDATE items SET description='high gloss' WHERE id = 'C1DE87';
    INSERT INTO items(id, name, description) VALUES ('422C31', 'microwave', NULL);
    INSERT INTO items(id, name, description) VALUES ('4932FD', 'kitchen walls', NULL);
    /* indirect */ DELETE FROM item_tag_link WHERE item_id = 'FA726E' AND tag_id = 'BADCB9';
    /* indirect */ INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id, reason) VALUES ('422C31', 'D288DF', 'system');
    /* indirect */ INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id, reason) VALUES ('4932FD', 'D288DF', 'system');
    INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id, reason) VALUES ('4932FD', '4038A4', NULL);
    INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id, reason) VALUES ('4932FD', '42CE85', NULL);
    DELETE FROM tags WHERE id = 'BADCB9';
    UPDATE tags SET cost_centre=NULL WHERE id = 'D288DF';
    
    len(changeset)=274
    changeset
    UPDATE items SET description='high gloss' WHERE id = 'C1DE87' AND description IS NULL;
    INSERT INTO items(id, name, description) VALUES ('422C31', 'microwave', NULL);
    INSERT INTO items(id, name, description) VALUES ('4932FD', 'kitchen walls', NULL);
    /* indirect */ DELETE FROM item_tag_link WHERE item_id = 'FA726E' AND tag_id = 'BADCB9' AND reason IS NULL;
    /* indirect */ INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id, reason) VALUES ('422C31', 'D288DF', 'system');
    /* indirect */ INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id, reason) VALUES ('4932FD', 'D288DF', 'system');
    INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id, reason) VALUES ('4932FD', '4038A4', NULL);
    INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id, reason) VALUES ('4932FD', '42CE85', NULL);
    DELETE FROM tags WHERE id = 'BADCB9' AND label = 'battery' AND cost_centre = 300;
    UPDATE tags SET cost_centre=NULL WHERE id = 'D288DF' AND cost_centre = 100;
    


.. index:: Inverting - undo, redo (example code)

.. _example_inverting:

Inverting - undo, redo
----------------------

We can get the opposite of a changeset which can then form the basis
of an undo/redo implementation.  One pattern is to have a table
where you store changesets allowing for a later undo or redo.

.. code-block:: python

   # Yes, it is this easy
   undo = apsw.Changeset.invert(changeset)
   
   # Compare this to the changeset above, to see how it does the
   # opposite.
   show_changeset("undo", undo)
   


.. code-block:: output

    undo
    UPDATE items SET description=NULL WHERE id = 'C1DE87' AND description = 'high gloss';
    DELETE FROM items WHERE id = '422C31' AND name = 'microwave' AND description IS NULL;
    DELETE FROM items WHERE id = '4932FD' AND name = 'kitchen walls' AND description IS NULL;
    /* indirect */ INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id, reason) VALUES ('FA726E', 'BADCB9', NULL);
    /* indirect */ DELETE FROM item_tag_link WHERE item_id = '422C31' AND tag_id = 'D288DF' AND reason = 'system';
    /* indirect */ DELETE FROM item_tag_link WHERE item_id = '4932FD' AND tag_id = 'D288DF' AND reason = 'system';
    DELETE FROM item_tag_link WHERE item_id = '4932FD' AND tag_id = '4038A4' AND reason IS NULL;
    DELETE FROM item_tag_link WHERE item_id = '4932FD' AND tag_id = '42CE85' AND reason IS NULL;
    INSERT INTO tags(id, label, cost_centre) VALUES ('BADCB9', 'battery', 300);
    UPDATE tags SET cost_centre=100 WHERE id = 'D288DF' AND cost_centre IS NULL;
    


.. index:: Applying changesets (example code)

.. _example_applying:

Applying changesets
-------------------

We can filter which tables or changes get affected when :meth:`applying a
changeset <Changeset.apply>` (default all), and can define a conflict
handler (default abort the transaction).  Conflicts are `described
here <https://sqlite.org/sessionintro.html#conflicts>`__. We are
going to undo our earlier changes.

.. code-block:: python

   # However it is going to fail ...
   try:
       apsw.Changeset.apply(undo, connection)
   except apsw.AbortError as exc:
       # It will fail, and the database back in the state when we started
       # the apply.
       print(f"Exception {exc=}")
   
   # The reason it failed is because of the foreign keys automatically
   # removing rows in the link table when members of items and tags got
   # removed.  Lets do it again, but save the failed changes for
   # inspection.
   
   failed = apsw.ChangesetBuilder()
   
   # And make some deliberate conflicts
   connection.execute("""
       UPDATE items SET description = 'Orange flavour' WHERE name = 'bathroom ceiling';
       -- Refuse deletes to make constraint failure on delete
       CREATE TRIGGER prevent_microwave_deletion
       BEFORE DELETE ON items
           FOR EACH ROW
           WHEN OLD.name = 'microwave'
           BEGIN
               SELECT RAISE(ABORT, 'Cannot delete items with name "microwave"');
           END;
   """)
   
   
   # A conflict handler says what to do
   def conflict_handler(reason: int, change: apsw.TableChange) -> int:
       # Print the failure information
       print(
           "conflict",
           apsw.mapping_session_conflict[reason],
           f"{change.op=} {change.opcode=}",
           "\n",
           f"{change.conflict=}",
           "\n",
           f"{change.name=} {change.column_count=}",
           "\n",
           f"{change.fk_conflicts=}",
           f"{change.indirect=}",
           "\n",
           f"{change.old=}\n",
           f"{change.new=}\n",
       )
   
       # save the change for later
       failed.add_change(change)
   
       # proceed ignoring this failed change
       return apsw.SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT
   
   # We can filter by table name or individual change.  Here we will will
   # exclude all indirect changes since they were made by triggers which
   # we also have.
   def filter_change(change: apsw.TableChange) -> bool:
       if change.indirect:
           print(
               "filter_change excluding",
               f"{change.op=} {change.opcode=}",
               "\n",
               f"{change.conflict=}",
               "\n",
               f"{change.name=} {change.column_count=}",
               "\n",
               f"{change.fk_conflicts=}",
               f"{change.indirect=}",
               "\n",
               f"{change.old=}\n",
               f"{change.new=}\n",
           )
           # This excludes the change
           return False
       # This allows the change
       return True
   
   # Undo our earlier changes again
   apsw.Changeset.apply(undo, connection, filter_change=filter_change, conflict=conflict_handler)
   
   # Now lets see what couldn't apply as SQL
   show_changeset("failed", failed.output())
   


.. code-block:: output

    Exception exc=AbortError('query aborted')
    conflict SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA change.op='UPDATE' change.opcode=23 
     change.conflict=('C1DE87', 'bathroom ceiling', 'Orange flavour') 
     change.name='items' change.column_count=3 
     change.fk_conflicts=None change.indirect=False 
     change.old=('C1DE87', <apsw.no_change>, 'high gloss')
     change.new=(<apsw.no_change>, <apsw.no_change>, None)
    
    conflict SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONSTRAINT change.op='DELETE' change.opcode=9 
     change.conflict=None 
     change.name='items' change.column_count=3 
     change.fk_conflicts=None change.indirect=False 
     change.old=('422C31', 'microwave', None)
     change.new=None
    
    filter_change excluding change.op='INSERT' change.opcode=18 
     change.conflict=None 
     change.name='item_tag_link' change.column_count=3 
     change.fk_conflicts=None change.indirect=True 
     change.old=None
     change.new=('FA726E', 'BADCB9', None)
    
    filter_change excluding change.op='DELETE' change.opcode=9 
     change.conflict=None 
     change.name='item_tag_link' change.column_count=3 
     change.fk_conflicts=None change.indirect=True 
     change.old=('422C31', 'D288DF', 'system')
     change.new=None
    
    filter_change excluding change.op='DELETE' change.opcode=9 
     change.conflict=None 
     change.name='item_tag_link' change.column_count=3 
     change.fk_conflicts=None change.indirect=True 
     change.old=('4932FD', 'D288DF', 'system')
     change.new=None
    
    conflict SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND change.op='DELETE' change.opcode=9 
     change.conflict=None 
     change.name='item_tag_link' change.column_count=3 
     change.fk_conflicts=None change.indirect=False 
     change.old=('4932FD', '4038A4', None)
     change.new=None
    
    conflict SQLITE_CHANGESET_NOTFOUND change.op='DELETE' change.opcode=9 
     change.conflict=None 
     change.name='item_tag_link' change.column_count=3 
     change.fk_conflicts=None change.indirect=False 
     change.old=('4932FD', '42CE85', None)
     change.new=None
    
    failed
    UPDATE items SET description=NULL WHERE id = 'C1DE87' AND description = 'high gloss';
    DELETE FROM items WHERE id = '422C31' AND name = 'microwave' AND description IS NULL;
    DELETE FROM item_tag_link WHERE item_id = '4932FD' AND tag_id = '4038A4' AND reason IS NULL;
    DELETE FROM item_tag_link WHERE item_id = '4932FD' AND tag_id = '42CE85' AND reason IS NULL;
    


.. index:: Synchronising changes made by two users (example code)

.. _example_syncing:

Synchronising changes made by two users
---------------------------------------

Alice and Bob are going to separately work on the same database and
we are going to synchronise their changes.

You will notice that the databases did not end up identical.  This
is because foreign keys, triggers, and the changesets are all
fighting each other.  You need to be careful when using all of them
at the same time.  See :ref:`ChangesetBuilder next
<example_changesetbuilder>` where you can make your own changesets
for these more complicated situations.

.. code-block:: python

   # Start from the same database
   alice_connection = apsw.Connection("alice.db")
   with alice_connection.backup("main", connection, "main") as backup:
       backup.step()
   
   bob_connection = apsw.Connection("bob.db")
   with bob_connection.backup("main", connection, "main") as backup:
       backup.step()
   
   # setup sessions
   alice_session = apsw.Session(alice_connection, "main")
   alice_session.attach()
   
   bob_session = apsw.Session(bob_connection, "main")
   bob_session.attach()
   
   # Each makes changes
   alice_connection.execute("""
       UPDATE tags SET label='painting' WHERE label='paint';
       INSERT INTO items(name, description) VALUES('storage closet', 'main storage space');
       INSERT INTO tags(label) VALUES('approval needed');
       -- remove new tag
       DELETE FROM item_tag_link WHERE item_id=(SELECT id FROM items WHERE name='storage closet');
       -- add approval needed
       INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id)  VALUES(
           (SELECT id FROM items WHERE name='storage closet'),
           (SELECT id FROM tags WHERE label='approval needed')
       );
   """)
   
   bob_connection.execute("""
       UPDATE tags SET cost_centre = '150' WHERE label='electrical';
       INSERT INTO items(name) VALUES('storage B');
       -- remove new tag
       DELETE FROM item_tag_link WHERE item_id=(SELECT id FROM items WHERE name='storage B');
       -- add electrical
       INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id)  VALUES(
           (SELECT id FROM items WHERE name='storage B'),
           (SELECT id FROM tags WHERE label='electrical')
       );
   """)
   
   # Get the changesets
   alice_changeset = alice_session.changeset()
   
   bob_changeset = bob_session.changeset()
   
   # Apply them to each other's database
   apsw.Changeset.apply(alice_changeset, bob_connection)
   apsw.Changeset.apply(bob_changeset, alice_connection)
   
   
   query = """
   SELECT items.name AS name, tags.label AS tag, tags.cost_centre AS cost_centre
      FROM tags, items, item_tag_link
      WHERE items.id = item_tag_link.item_id AND tags.id = item_tag_link.tag_id
      ORDER BY items.name, tags.label
   """
   
   print("Alice's database")
   print(apsw.ext.format_query_table(alice_connection, query))
   
   print("\nBob's database")
   print(apsw.ext.format_query_table(bob_connection, query))
   
   show_changeset("Alice changeset", alice_changeset)
   
   show_changeset("Bob changseset", bob_changeset)
   
   


.. code-block:: output

    Alice's database
    ┌──────────────────┬─────────────────┬─────────────┐
    │       name       │       tag       │ cost_centre │
    │ bathroom ceiling │ painting        │ 110         │
    │ bathroom lights  │ electrical      │ 150         │
    │ bathroom lights  │ inspection      │ 200         │
    │ entrance fan     │ new             │ 100         │
    │ entrance floor   │ cleaning        │ 300         │
    │ microwave        │ new             │ 100         │
    │ storage B        │ electrical      │ 150         │
    │ storage B        │ new             │ 100         │
    │ storage closet   │ approval needed │ (null)      │
    └──────────────────┴─────────────────┴─────────────┘
    
    
    Bob's database
    ┌──────────────────┬─────────────────┬─────────────┐
    │       name       │       tag       │ cost_centre │
    │ bathroom ceiling │ painting        │ 110         │
    │ bathroom lights  │ electrical      │ 150         │
    │ bathroom lights  │ inspection      │ 200         │
    │ entrance fan     │ new             │ 100         │
    │ entrance floor   │ cleaning        │ 300         │
    │ microwave        │ new             │ 100         │
    │ storage B        │ electrical      │ 150         │
    │ storage closet   │ approval needed │ (null)      │
    │ storage closet   │ new             │ 100         │
    └──────────────────┴─────────────────┴─────────────┘
    
    Alice changeset
    UPDATE tags SET label='painting' WHERE id = '4038A4' AND label = 'paint';
    INSERT INTO tags(id, label, cost_centre) VALUES ('10DAD5', 'approval needed', NULL);
    INSERT INTO items(id, name, description) VALUES ('6553C3', 'storage closet', 'main storage space');
    INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id, reason) VALUES ('6553C3', '10DAD5', NULL);
    
    Bob changseset
    UPDATE tags SET cost_centre='150' WHERE id = '9F8DAB' AND cost_centre = 145;
    INSERT INTO items(id, name, description) VALUES ('66B951', 'storage B', NULL);
    INSERT INTO item_tag_link(item_id, tag_id, reason) VALUES ('66B951', '9F8DAB', NULL);
    


.. index:: ChangesetBuilder (example code)

.. _example_changesetbuilder:

ChangesetBuilder
----------------

The :class:`ChangesetBuilder` can be used to combine multiple
changesets and individual :class:`TableChange`.  In this example
we'll build up all the changes to the ``items`` table from
multiple changesets.  :meth:`ChangesetBuilder.schema` is used
to ensure the changes map to the expected database table
structure (names, primary keys, number of columns).

.. code-block:: python

   items = apsw.ChangesetBuilder()
   
   items.schema(connection, "main")
   
   for source in (changeset, alice_changeset, bob_changeset):
       for change in apsw.Changeset.iter(source):
           if change.name == "items":
               items.add_change(change)
   
   only_items = items.output()
   
   show_changeset("Only items table changes", only_items)
   


.. code-block:: output

    Only items table changes
    UPDATE items SET description='high gloss' WHERE id = 'C1DE87' AND description IS NULL;
    INSERT INTO items(id, name, description) VALUES ('6553C3', 'storage closet', 'main storage space');
    INSERT INTO items(id, name, description) VALUES ('422C31', 'microwave', NULL);
    INSERT INTO items(id, name, description) VALUES ('66B951', 'storage B', NULL);
    INSERT INTO items(id, name, description) VALUES ('4932FD', 'kitchen walls', NULL);
    


.. index:: Streaming (example code)

.. _example_streaming:

Streaming
---------

The changesets above were all produced as a single bytes in memory
all at once.  For larger changesets we can read and write them in
chunks, such as with blobs, files, or network connections.

.. code-block:: python

   # Use a positive number to set that size
   chunk_size = apsw.session_config(
       apsw.SQLITE_SESSION_CONFIG_STRMSIZE, -1
   )
   print("default chunk size", chunk_size)
   
   # Some changes to make the changeset larger.  The size is an estimate.
   print(f"Before estimate {session.changeset_size=}")
   for i in "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz":
       connection.execute(
           "INSERT INTO items(name, description) VALUES(?, ?)",
           (i * 1234, i * 1234),
       )
   print(f"After estimate {session.changeset_size=}")
   
   # We'll write to a file
   out = tempfile.TemporaryFile("w+b")
   
   num_writes = 0
   
   
   def write(data: memoryview) -> None:
       global num_writes
       num_writes += 1
       res = out.write(data)
       # The streamer must write all bytes
       assert res == len(data)
   
   
   session.changeset_stream(write)
   
   print("Output file size is", out.tell())
   print("Number of writes", num_writes)
   
   # Lets read from the same file, using the streaming iterator
   out.seek(0)
   num_reads = 0
   
   
   def read(amount: int) -> bytes:
       global num_reads
       num_reads += 1
       return out.read(amount)
   
   
   num_changes = 0
   for change in apsw.Changeset.iter(read):
       num_changes += 1
   
   print("Number of reads", num_reads)
   print("Number of changes", num_changes)
   


.. code-block:: output

    default chunk size 1024
    Before estimate session.changeset_size=281
    After estimate session.changeset_size=65541
    Output file size is 65387
    Number of writes 27
    Number of reads 65
    Number of changes 56


.. index:: Rebasing (example code)

.. _example_rebaser:

Rebasing
--------

You can merge conflict decisions from an earlier changeset into a
later changeset so that you don't have to separately transport and
store those conflict decisions.  This can be used to take
independently made changesets, and turn them into a linear sequence.
The `rebaser documentation
<https://www.sqlite.org/session/rebaser.html>`__ includes more
detail.

To do a rebase, you need to take the conflict resolutions
from an :meth:`Changeset.apply` to :meth:`Rebaser.configure`, and
then :meth:`Rebaser.rebase` a following changeset.

We are going to make alice then bob appear to have been done in that
order without conflicts.

.. code-block:: python

   # Reset back to original data with the base changeset applied
   connection.execute("""
       DROP TABLE item_tag_link;
       DROP TABLE items;
       DROP TABLE tags;
   """)
   
   connection.execute(pathlib.Path("session.sql").read_text())
   
   
   # The conflict handler we'll use doing latest writer wins - you should
   # be more careful.
   def conflict_handler(reason: int, change: apsw.TableChange) -> int:
       if reason in (
           apsw.SQLITE_CHANGESET_DATA,
           apsw.SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT,
       ):
           return apsw.SQLITE_CHANGESET_REPLACE
       return apsw.SQLITE_CHANGESET_OMIT
   
   
   # apply original changeset that alice was based on
   apsw.Changeset.apply(changeset, connection, conflict=conflict_handler)
   
   # Make a rebaser
   rebaser = apsw.Rebaser()
   
   # save these conflict resolutions
   conflict_resolutions = apsw.Changeset.apply(
       alice_changeset,
       connection,
       conflict=conflict_handler,
       rebase=True,
   )
   
   rebaser.configure(conflict_resolutions)
   
   # and apply them to bob's
   bob_rebased = rebaser.rebase(bob_changeset)
   

.. index:: Table diff (example code)

.. _example_session_diff:

Table diff
----------

:meth:`Session.diff` can be used to get the difference between a
table in another database and this database.  This is useful if the
other database was updated without a session being recorded.  Note that
the table must have a ``PRIMARY KEY``, or it will be ignored.

.. code-block:: python

   diff_demo = apsw.Connection("diff_demo.db")
   
   diff_demo.execute("""
       -- our session runs on this
       CREATE TABLE example(x PRIMARY KEY, y, z);
       INSERT INTO example VALUES
               (1, 'one', 1.1),
               (2, 'two', 2.2),
               (3, 'three', 3.3);
   
       -- the other database
       ATTACH 'other.db' AS other;
       -- the table has to have the same name, primary key, and columns
       CREATE TABLE other.example(x PRIMARY KEY, y, z);
       INSERT INTO other.example VALUES
               -- extra row
               (0, 'zero', 0.0),
               -- id 1 deliberately missing
               (2, 'two', 2.2),
               -- different values
               (3, 'trois', 'hello');
   """)
   
   session = apsw.Session(diff_demo, "main")
   
   # You must attach (or filter) to include the table
   session.attach("example")
   
   session.diff("other", "example")
   
   diff = session.changeset()
   
   show_changeset("Table diff", diff, diff_demo)
   


.. code-block:: output

    Table diff
    DELETE FROM example WHERE x = 0 AND y = 'zero' AND z = 0.0;
    INSERT INTO example(x, y, z) VALUES (1, 'one', 1.1);
    UPDATE example SET y='three', z=3.3 WHERE x = 3 AND y = 'trois' AND z = 'hello';
    


.. index:: Cleanup (example code)

.. _example_session_end:

Cleanup
-------

We can now close the connections, but it is optional.  APSW automatically
cleans up sessions when their corresponding connections are closed.

.. code-block:: python

   connection.close()
   alice_connection.close()
   bob_connection.close()
